Leak detection specialist Atmos International has published The Atmos book of pipeline simulation to provide in-depth insight into simulation technology, with examples from the Atmos Simulation (SIM) Suite pipeline software.
The book has been written by Atmos experts and looks at the behaviour of gas and liquid pipelines and associated equipment. It discusses how computers deal with challenging physical laws involving partial differential equations and how pipeline simulation software deals with challenging real-world pipeline data, aiming to familiarise readers with pipeline simulation. Topics covered include:
- The versatility of Atmos SIM in modelling gas and liquid pipelines and simulating every type of scenarios: offline, online, look-aheads and as a tool for training and assessment
- The importance of a transient ground thermal model to calculate the inventory and estimated time of arrival (ETA) calculations
- The thermodynamic principles and detailed calculations governing the performance of pumps, compressors and associated equipment, including their efficiency and energy consumption
- How the automated Atmos Tuning Assistant facilitates calibrating models manually, and how automatic learnt parameters act to keep a model well-calibrated while simulating in real-time
- How smart adaptive knot-spacing and time-stepping algorithms improve both the speed and the accuracy of a simulation
- Why the Maximum Likelihood State Estimator, using a statistical approach, is the most reliable method for reconciling potentially flawed meter data in real-time
- How advanced look-aheads, cloud computing and strategic optimisers empower pipeliners with insights they never had before
The book has a main core covering technical details and appendices with the history of pipelines, background information on the energy industry, a primer on pipeline basics, a discussion around hydrogen and a quiz to consolidate the reader’s knowledge.
‘This book addresses a set of pertinent discussions of interest to pipeline simulation professionals. These have, to our knowledge, never been compiled before in a single convenient place. It aims to contextualise what pipeline simulation is all about,’ says Moemen Metwally, application support engineer at Atmos and the main author of the book.
